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Mg(Al)O mixed metal oxide (MMO) supported Cu nanoparticles catalysts have been prepared by calcination and reduction of Cu-Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs). By adjusting the chemical compositions of LDHs precursors, various catalysts with 10–40wt% Cu content and molar ratio of (Cu+Mg)/Al=1–4 were prepared. The catalysts were characterized by ICP, N2 physical adsorption, XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, and...
Swirlers are commonly used in gas turbine combustors as they provide recirculation zones and reduce axial velocity for enhanced flame stability. Swirl provides hot gas recirculation zone at front end of the combustor for enhanced mixing between hot reactive species and the freshly introduced mixture. In this paper, the impact of confinement on a swirl assisted combustion was investigated with focus...
Particulate matter (PM) sampling was performed on an industrial boiler (3MW) that burned various blends of high-Cl coal and low-Cl coal. Blends with high-Cl coal mass fractions of 30%, 50% and 70% were fired during the sampling. The results showed that both the ultrafine PM yield and its Cl content increased when blends with a higher fraction of high-Cl coal were burned. To clarify the effects of...
To investigate the fuel nitrogen conversion during rapid pyrolysis, the tests with Genesee bituminous coal and Petroleum coke were accomplished under N2 and CO2 atmosphere in a fixed bed reactor equipped with a Fourier transform infrared analyzer. The samples were analyzed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine the fuel nitrogen conversion mechanism during rapid pyrolysis. Furthermore,...
The air flow and ambient pressure in the cylinder affect the spray significantly when the fuel is injected into the cylinder in direct injection gasoline engine. To investigate the effects of air flow at ambient pressure on the fuel spray, a critical air flow called cross-flow was tested. The cross-flow is the air flow whose direction is perpendicular to the fuel injection direction. A special wind...
In this research, the performance of three ionic liquids namely Trioctylmethylammonium chloride, Trioctylmethylammonium bromide and 1-Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide are evaluated as the demulsifier agents to break crude oil emulsion through the bottle test method. Then, the response surface method (RSM) is applied to investigate the effect of demulsifier concentration, temperature, pH and fresh...
Laminar burning velocities and Markstein lengths of CH4/O2/N2 mixtures were measured in a constant volume combustion chamber over a wide range of O2 contents and equivalence ratios at elevated pressures. The laminar burning velocities were extracted using an accurate nonlinear methodology with properly chosen flame radii to reduce the systematic uncertainty. Chemical kinetic simulation was conducted...
The experiment of ex-situ hard coal gasification under the 0.5MPa pressure was carried out by using oxygen, air and oxygen enriched air as gasification reagents. The main process objectives were to investigate the influence of increased gasification pressure and type of gasification reagents on the gasification efficiency. The results of 168h experiment demonstrated that the most advantageous gasification...
In biomass gasification processes, the formation and handling of tars are of major concern. Robust and versatile analytical tools are needed to on-line monitor tar compound concentrations in process gases from lab- to industrial scale. This study addresses the development and application of an on-line UV–Vis method, based on a liquid quench sampling system. The high sensitivity of this method allows...
Over the last 20years, interest in diverting waste from landfills and recovering energy from waste materials has grown significantly. The cement industry in particular has adapted its production methods to accommodate a wide variety of waste materials as alternative fuels in order to lower both cost and environmental footprint. The incineration of waste products at existing cement plants is generally...
It is essential to predict the nature of instability for incorporating viscous instability in modeling surfactant waterflooding of heavy oils. A two-dimensional low-permeability sandstone micromodel in a non-linear quarter five-spot scheme is used for the visualization and analysis of viscous fingering in alcohol-assisted surfactant waterflooding of heavy oil. Three distinct regimes of viscous fingering...
In this work, we evaluate the effect of nanoparticles and nanofluids as viscosity reducers for heavy crude oil (HO). The effect of alumina, silica and acidic silica nanoparticles was evaluated through n-C7 asphaltene adsorption and aggregation tests using UV–vis spectrophotometry and dynamic light scattering. The nanoparticles of acidic silica were used to prepare a water-based nanofluid at different...
Lowering flue gas temperatures to recover more energy is of great interest. One of the limiting factors in lowering the flue gas temperature is low-temperature corrosion. In this work the causes of low-temperature corrosion was studied in a full-scale bubbling fluidized bed boiler combusting mixtures of bark, sludge, and solid recovered fuel. The presence of sulfuric acid in the flue gases may lead...
The effects of RCCI in a diesel power generator by using safflower oil biodiesel-diesel blends were experimentally investigated. Ethanol was premixed as PFI by rates of 30% and 50% of total mass fuel consumption of the engine. Tests were conducted at constant engine speed of 1500rpm and fixed load 10.8kW engine power. The purpose of blending biodiesel with diesel is to increase the fuel reactivity...
Lubricity of individual fatty acid methyl or ethyl esters and biodiesel fuels has been measured using a high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR). Tests have been carried out varying the ambient humidity to assess the effect of this parameter on the lubricity of the fuels. The European standard proposes a single humidity correction factor for all the fuels, regardless their composition. It has been...
The knowledge of adsorption evolution in medium- to high-rank coal basins in China in the long history of tectonic subsidence and uplifting would be of great significance to the understanding of coalbed methane enrichment and accumulation. A model for calculating adsorption capacity history on major coal beds in Hancheng, the Ordos Basin, is established based on adsorption experiments in high-temperature...
The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of a transient gaseous jet produced by a single-hole injector nozzle. High speed schlieren is used to image the jet development process and evaluate time-dependent characteristics of the jet. Both near and far fields have been investigated through two distinct optical configurations. Helium gas was injected at nozzle pressure ratios...
Cotton stalk (CS) is a potential biomass for bioethanol production, but the direct conversion without pretreatment always results in an extremely low yield because of the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose. In this study, the effects of various methods, i.e. dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment (DSAP), ultrasound-assisted alkali pretreatment (UAAP), and high pressure-assisted alkali pretreatment (HPAP),...
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